While cross sectional studies collect data from many subjects at a single point in time, longitudinal studies collect data repeatedly from the same subjects over time, often focusing on a smaller group of individuals that are connected by a common trait. Resource and reserve calculation in seamshaped mineral. A government of india estimate, shared in the countrys parliament in august 2011, puts the recoverable reserve at 846,477 tonnes. The author in this book describes everything in chapters mainly 1, 3.
Sampling and estimation of ore deposits alaska division. Example of a drill section through a copper ore body to illustrate ore reserve calculations by the crosssectional method. Matheron, geoslalislical method or the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point al which. Pdf errors and uncertainty in mineral resource and ore reserve. Ore resource and reserve estimation free download as word doc. Matheron, geoslalislical method or the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point al which reallife problcllll may be handled effectively. The simple yet accurate ore reserve estimation technique used are classical methods. Each manual describes in detail all the program capabilities, limita tions, and sample. The final stage of the whole exercise is the construction of a gradetonnage curve. Usually but not necessarily, the points of time are equally spaced. A variety of manual and data checks are in place to check against human error of. Ore reserve estimation worked example basic mining techniques. Oct 10, 2019 discuss empirical methods of mineral reserve estimation, including sectional methods, polygonal and triangular methods, and inverse distance and contouring methods. Kan and zhang 14, 1999 show that the risk premium estimate of a useless factor converges to infinity with probability one as.
Get ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning. Consistent estimation of crosssectional models in event studies. South dune ore reserves estimates is shown in figure 2 below. Ore reserve estimation using localized trend analysis. For example a random sample of schools across london may be used to assess the burden or prevalence of asthma among 1214 year olds. Geostatics ore reserve estimation of iron ore free download as pdf file. Classical methods of ore reserve estimation basic mining. May 08, 2020 cross sectional vs longitudinal studies. Cross sectional data 23 p art 1 of the text covers regression analysis with cross sectional data. Initial mineral resource estimates for the arrowhead and rhodes ridge. A plan and cross section of the underground mine development of the. Cohort and crosssectional statcalc user guide support. Using gis, 3d model of the studied region, most suitable section planes and grade distributions were obtained and reserve estimation by crosssection method was approached. Ore reserve estimation and depletion planning for a beach.
Edumine conventional methods of resource reserve estimation. Proposed open pits as supported by the ore reserve estimate are presented in figure 2. Carrapateena 2019 mineral resources and ore reserves. In some ore deposits, the grade distribution is heavytailed and high values make the inference of first and secondorder statistics nonrobust. It was intended as a discussion of various important aspects of reserve estimation that in our view are often neglected in the real world, and for that reason, it does not necessarily follow the normal progression of exploration and deposit development. Methods for ore reserve and mineral resource estimation.
Geostatistical ore reserve estimation for a rollfront type. Cim mineral resource and mineral reserve committee. Classical methods employ simple geometric function and rules that are easily applied to simple uncomplicated orebodies. In statistics and econometrics, a crosssectional regression is a type of regression in which the explained and explanatory variables are all associated with the same single period or point in time. Ore reserve estimation techniques by cross section method. Estimation practices for reserves of gold deposits springerlink. Pdf geostatistical ore reserve estimation by m david. Ore reserve estimation method by using geographic information.
Consistent estimation of crosssectional models in event. Table of contentsassay maps and sectionsvolume and tonnage estimatesore volume calculationore tonnage calculationsore grade estimationestimates based on drillhole dataore reserve estimate example 1ore reserve estimate example 2estimates based on underground samplingweighting of assays of individual sampleserratic high assayscomputation of tonnage and grade of ore by blocksrevision of. Matherons geostatistical method the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point at which reallife problems may be handled effectively. But the approach suggested in this paper can be directly applied to the generalized leastsquare gls crosssectional estimation, as well. Reserve classification material type ore mined au gold mined mt gt koz probable rom ore reserve 2. Jul 01, 1988 mining science and technology, 7 1988 161165 elsevier science publishers b. The available drill holes for minable ore reserve estimation numbered 800. The geostatistical ore reserve estimation method or geostatistics in short is a relatively. Table of contentsassay maps and sectionsvolume and tonnage estimatesore volume calculationore tonnage calculationsore grade estimationestimates based on drillhole dataore reserve estimate example 1ore reserve estimate example 2estimates based on underground samplingweighting of assays of individual sampleserratic high assayscomputation of tonnage and grade of ore by. Geostatistical ore reserve estimation for a rollfront. In the case of gold data, high values are usually cut and the block estimation is performed using truncated grades. The techniques used in ore reserve estimation vary from the simple method of polygons through heuristics such as distance weighting methods to quite sophisticated kriging procedures of geostatistics. Pdf mineral resources and their subsequent conversion to ore reserves are of key importance to mining companies. Introduction in all our statistical work to date, we have been dealing with analyses of timeordered data, or time series.
The following example demonstrates how to calculate a sample size for a cohort or crosssectional study. The grade as used cor diamond ore reserve cajculalions can be either the carats per square area normally square metre or the carats per volume of ore normally the cubic metre. Value and extent of a mineral deposit can be estimated using classical methods or geostatistical methods. Three main groups of ore reserve estimation methods are presently. Iron ore mineral resources and ore reserves pdf, 5. In an effort to obtain information on mineral reserve estimation practices for precious. The results from the method of polygons are usually inferior to those of both the heuristics and geostatistics. Plan view 3d, permit boundary area illustrated by green line. A plan or longitudinal section of the mineral deposit showing exploration. Ore resource and reserve estimation normal distribution. There are different estimation methods see below used for different scenarios dependent upon the ore boundaries, geological deposit geometry, grade variability and the amount of time and money available.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly calculating the attitude direction, the strike and the dip of an ore body, and projecting the ore body on a horizontal plane or a vertical plane. These methods greatly reduce the uncertainty in reserves estimates. Sample size for a crosssectional, cohort, or clinical trial. Crosssectional estimation biases in risk premia and zero. The method is applied to a model of horizontal mergers in section 2, and crosssectional parameters ate estimated in section 3. Another method which also described here is inverse distance weighting idw technique. Part i contains a comprehensive treatment of the comparative study of the geostatistical ore reserve estimation method over the conventional methods. Fact sheet mineral resources and reserves estimation. The mining method is hydraulic mining, which base titanium has used successfully since 2017. As production and pressure data from a field become available, decline analysis and material balance calculations, become the predominant methods of calculating reserves. Pdf on sep 5, 2003, ben whiting published ore reserve and mineral resource estimation methods current practices and comparisons find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Vb bulk volume of the reservoir rock, bbl ng netgross ratio of formation thickness, fraction porosity, fraction sw water saturation, fraction bo oil formation volume factor, rbblstb stoiip. It is the economically mineable part of a mineral resource. Section 4 estimation and reporting of ore reserves. Conventional and computer aided ore reserve estimation ijetsr. In this study, a reserve estimation attempt in a silver ore deposit was carried out by the help of geographic information systems gis. An underground mining method was selected given the deposit geometry and the. The calculation procedure was developed in the following phases. Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape. The iaeas 2005 report estimates indias reasonably assured reserves of thorium at 319,000 tonnes, but mentions recent reports of indias reserves at 650,000 tonnes. Cim estimation of mineral resources and mineral reserves best. Box mp 167, mount pleasant, harare zimbabwe received february 18, 1988.
It builds upon a solid base of college algebra and basic concepts in probability and statistics. This type of crosssectional analysis is in contrast to a timeseries regression or longitudinal regression in which the variables are considered to be associated with a sequence of points in time. A a cross section of boreholes is depicted in white and the intercepts. Methods for ore reserve and mineral resource estimation august 2003. Sinclair and m vall6e the canadian institute of mining and metallurgy. Parlaktuna chapter 2 reserves estimation volumetric calculations the following equation is used in the volumetric calculation of reserves. Example of a 3d ore deposit block model showing the distribution of low grade blue and. All basement samples consist of diamond drill core nq, nq2, hq and pq cut with a manual or. The study has been marked by a number of changes ed to call it a manual but this was abandoned in. The uncertainty depends mainly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and.
The stochastic discount factor representation provides a rich set of conditional moment condition based on which estimation and asset pricing tests in principle can be carried out. Apr 29, 2017 introduction reserves are those quantities of petroleum which are anticipated to be commercially recovered from known accumulations from a given date forward. Ore reserves estimation methods will involve sensitivity on open pit shell choice and underground stope size optimization. Chapter 1 an overview and outline overview j t baldwin, j h lew and m f whitham managing risk in feasibility studies p l mccarthy common sense and good communication effective teambased estimation and classification of mineral resources and ore reserves j vann, p r stephenson, s jackson and g pilger jorc and the canadian.
Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. This chapter presents definitions of the various factors and criteria used in the production of mine metal, or mineral, inventories and ore reserves. These methods greatly reduce the uncertainty in reserves. Grade g j x0, 66 where fj is an estimate of the average number of stones per. Purchase geostatistical ore reserve estimation 1st edition. The assumed mining method is conventional truck and shovel open. Realistically assumed modifying factors mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal. Cross section method is another type of conventional estimation techniques in which normally a series of cross sections are constructed to the. Geostatistical ore reserve estimation tutorial geologyhub. Using gis, 3d model of the studied region, most suitable section planes and grade distributions were obtained and reserve estimation by crosssection method. Ore reserve estimates and changes in commodity price a.
Resource estimation additional factors, which are required for the competent person to be confident that there are. Derekoy copper ore reserve is selected to apply uncertainty assessment in npv of ore reserves. Their reliable estimation is critical to both the confidence in a feasibility study, and. Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets. At the end of the study, all possible net present values and their probabilities are given as a probability distribution. The various stages of a geostatistical orereserve estimation procedure are explained, leading to the production of block local reserves and overall global reserves.
The conventional methods chosen for comparison were. Resource estimation is used to determine and define the ore tonnage and grade of a geological deposit, from the developed block model. The carat is a weight measurement used for diamonds. This gadir ore reserves calculation is based on the maiden. Pdf handbook of applied advanced geostatistical ore reserve. The opposite of a cross sectional study is a longitudinal study. Chapter 2 begins with the simple linear regression model, where we explain one vari. Descriptions are also provided of the methods available for the production of an overall estimate of grade, tonnage and metalmineral content of a deposit. The invention provides a threedimensional visual geological exploration reserve estimation method. The simple yet accurate ore reserve estimation technique used is classical methods. The results from the method of polygons are usually inferior to. Pdf ore reserve and mineral resource estimation methods. The application will show three different sample size estimates according to three different statistical calculations.
The discounted cash flow method dcf method, or npv method, based on income approach, is recognized as the fundamental method of mineral assets evaluation, both in international and the russian practice valmin, ivss, methodical guidelines of the state commission on reserves due to its universal. Introduction, exploration and geology techniques, ore reserve estimation, feasibility studies and project financing, planning and design of surface mines, mine operations, mine capital and operating costs, management and organization, and case studies. Conventional methods of resource reserve estimation. Ore reserve estimation international nuclear information system.
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